Ma Clique
Provinces of the People's Republic of China, Ma Hongbin, Ma Zhongying
978-613-9-65497-0
6139654971
84
2012-01-14
34,00 €
eng
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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The Ma clique or Ma family warlords is a collective name for a group of Muslim warlords in Northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. There were 3 families in the Ma clique ("Ma" being a common rendering of the common Muslim name "Muhammad"), each of them respectively controlled 3 areas, Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia. Although the common Hui surname "Ma" might suggest otherwise, technically none of these cliques are strictly descendants of the Hui or Dungan. The Ma clique in Qinghai were descendants of Salars and the others descendants of the Sar'tas such as the Dongxiang. The rulers of the three cliques were Ma Bufang, Ma Hongkui, and Ma Hongbin, collectively known as the Xibei San Ma . Some contemporary accounts, such as Edgar Snow's, described the clique as the "Four Ma" (rather than Three), adding Ma Bufang's brother Ma Buqing to the list of the top warlords.Other prominent Mas included Ma Anliang, Ma Qi, Ma Lin, Ma Hu-shan, and Ma Zhongying.
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