Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. There are three types of Sephardic songs—topical and entertainment songs, romance songs and spiritual or ceremonial songs. Lyrics can be in several languages, including Hebrew for religious songs, and Ladino. As with other Middle-Eastern urban music genres, Sephardic music was based on a system of makam (Turkish plural: makamlar), which is sometimes translated as "mode," but actually embraces a broader series of musical elements.